PHP Lesson 8: AI Integration, Real-time Systems & Cutting-Edge Architecture

PHP Lesson 8: AI Integration, Real-time Systems & Cutting-Edge Architecture

Oct 31, 2025 - 13:48
 0  138757
PHP Lesson 8: AI Integration, Real-time Systems & Cutting-Edge Architecture

PHP Lesson 8: AI Integration, Real-time Systems & Cutting-Edge Architecture

Welcome to Lesson 8! We're now entering the frontier of PHP development with AI integration, real-time systems, and cutting-edge architectural patterns that power modern applications.

Part 1: AI & Machine Learning Integration

1.1 AI-Powered Features with OpenAI & TensorFlow

php
<?php
// ai/AIService.php
class AIService {
    private $openAIClient;
    private $tensorFlowService;
    private $cache;

    public function __construct() {
        $this->openAIClient = new OpenAIClient(env('OPENAI_API_KEY'));
        $this->tensorFlowService = new TensorFlowService();
        $this->cache = new RedisCache();
    }

    // AI-powered content generation
    public function generateProjectDescription($projectTitle, $keywords = []) {
        $cacheKey = "ai_description_" . md5($projectTitle . implode('', $keywords));
        
        return $this->cache->remember($cacheKey, 3600, function() use ($projectTitle, $keywords) {
            $prompt = "Generate a professional project description for: '{$projectTitle}'";
            
            if (!empty($keywords)) {
                $prompt .= " including keywords: " . implode(', ', $keywords);
            }

            $response = $this->openAIClient->chat()->create([
                'model' => 'gpt-4',
                'messages' => [
                    [
                        'role' => 'system',
                        'content' => 'You are a professional project manager. Generate concise, engaging project descriptions.'
                    ],
                    [
                        'role' => 'user',
                        'content' => $prompt
                    ]
                ],
                'max_tokens' => 200,
                'temperature' => 0.7
            ]);

            return trim($response->choices[0]->message->content);
        });
    }

    // Smart task prioritization
    public function prioritizeTasks($tasks) {
        $taskData = array_map(function($task) {
            return [
                'title' => $task['title'],
                'description' => $task['description'],
                'due_date' => $task['due_date'],
                'dependencies' => count($task['dependencies'] ?? []),
                'estimated_hours' => $task['estimated_hours']
            ];
        }, $tasks);

        // Use ML model to predict priority scores
        $priorities = $this->tensorFlowService->predictPriorities($taskData);
        
        // Combine with business rules
        return $this->applyBusinessRules($tasks, $priorities);
    }

    // AI-powered code review
    public function analyzeCodeQuality($codeSnippet, $language = 'php') {
        $response = $this->openAIClient->chat()->create([
            'model' => 'gpt-4',
            'messages' => [
                [
                    'role' => 'system',
                    'content' => "You are an expert {$language} code reviewer. Analyze code for best practices, security issues, and performance improvements."
                ],
                [
                    'role' => 'user',
                    'content' => "Please review this {$language} code:\n\n{$codeSnippet}"
                ]
            ],
            'max_tokens' => 500
        ]);

        return $this->parseCodeReview($response->choices[0]->message->content);
    }

    // Sentiment analysis for user feedback
    public function analyzeSentiment($text) {
        $cacheKey = "sentiment_" . md5($text);
        
        return $this->cache->remember($cacheKey, 1800, function() use ($text) {
            $response = $this->openAIClient->embeddings()->create([
                'model' => 'text-embedding-ada-002',
                'input' => $text
            ]);

            $embedding = $response->data[0]->embedding;
            
            // Use pre-trained model for sentiment classification
            return $this->tensorFlowService->classifySentiment($embedding);
        });
    }

    // AI-powered project risk assessment
    public function assessProjectRisk($projectData) {
        $features = $this->extractRiskFeatures($projectData);
        return $this->tensorFlowService->predictRisk($features);
    }

    private function applyBusinessRules($tasks, $aiPriorities) {
        $finalPriorities = [];
        
        foreach ($tasks as $index => $task) {
            $aiScore = $aiPriorities[$index];
            $businessScore = $this->calculateBusinessPriority($task);
            
            // Combine AI and business logic
            $finalScore = ($aiScore * 0.6) + ($businessScore * 0.4);
            
            $finalPriorities[] = [
                'task' => $task,
                'priority_score' => $finalScore,
                'priority_level' => $this->scoreToLevel($finalScore)
            ];
        }

        // Sort by final priority score
        usort($finalPriorities, function($a, $b) {
            return $b['priority_score'] <=> $a['priority_score'];
        });

        return $finalPriorities;
    }

    private function calculateBusinessPriority($task) {
        $score = 0;
        
        // Urgency factors
        if ($task['due_date']) {
            $daysUntilDue = (strtotime($task['due_date']) - time()) / (60 * 60 * 24);
            if ($daysUntilDue < 1) $score += 10;
            elseif ($daysUntilDue < 3) $score += 7;
            elseif ($daysUntilDue < 7) $score += 3;
        }

        // Importance factors
        if ($task['is_blocker'] ?? false) $score += 8;
        if ($task['has_dependencies'] ?? false) $score += 5;
        if ($task['estimated_hours'] > 8) $score += 2;

        return min($score, 10) / 10; // Normalize to 0-1
    }

    private function scoreToLevel($score) {
        if ($score >= 0.8) return 'critical';
        if ($score >= 0.6) return 'high';
        if ($score >= 0.4) return 'medium';
        return 'low';
    }
}

// ai/TensorFlowService.php
class TensorFlowService {
    private $modelPath;
    private $tfServerUrl;

    public function __construct() {
        $this->modelPath = storage_path('models/');
        $this->tfServerUrl = env('TENSORFLOW_SERVING_URL');
    }

    public function predictPriorities($taskData) {
        $payload = [
            'signature_name' => 'predict_priority',
            'instances' => $this->preprocessTaskData($taskData)
        ];

        $response = $this->callTensorFlowServer($payload);
        return $this->parsePriorityPredictions($response);
    }

    public function classifySentiment($embedding) {
        $payload = [
            'signature_name' => 'classify_sentiment',
            'instances' => [$embedding]
        ];

        $response = $this->callTensorFlowServer($payload);
        return $this->parseSentimentClassification($response);
    }

    public function predictRisk($features) {
        $payload = [
            'signature_name' => 'predict_risk',
            'instances' => [$features]
        ];

        $response = $this->callTensorFlowServer($payload);
        return $this->parseRiskPrediction($response);
    }

    private function callTensorFlowServer($payload) {
        $client = new GuzzleHttp\Client();
        
        $response = $client->post($this->tfServerUrl . '/v1/models/priority_model:predict', [
            'json' => $payload,
            'timeout' => 10
        ]);

        return json_decode($response->getBody(), true);
    }

    private function preprocessTaskData($tasks) {
        return array_map(function($task) {
            return [
                floatval($task['estimated_hours']),
                floatval($this->normalizeDate($task['due_date'])),
                floatval($task['dependencies']),
                floatval(strlen($task['description'] ?? '') / 100) // Normalized description length
            ];
        }, $tasks);
    }

    private function normalizeDate($date) {
        if (!$date) return 0;
        return (strtotime($date) - time()) / (60 * 60 * 24); // Days from now
    }

    private function parsePriorityPredictions($response) {
        return array_map(function($prediction) {
            return $prediction[0]; // Assuming single output
        }, $response['predictions']);
    }
}

1.2 AI-Powered Chatbot & Virtual Assistant

php
<?php
// ai/ChatbotService.php
class ChatbotService {
    private $aiService;
    private $contextManager;
    private $actionExecutor;

    public function __construct() {
        $this->aiService = new AIService();
        $this->contextManager = new ConversationContextManager();
        $this->actionExecutor = new ActionExecutor();
    }

    public function processMessage($userId, $message, $conversationContext = []) {
        // Update conversation context
        $context = $this->contextManager->updateContext($userId, $message, $conversationContext);
        
        // Determine intent
        $intent = $this->detectIntent($message, $context);
        
        // Execute appropriate action
        $response = $this->executeAction($intent, $message, $context);
        
        // Update context with response
        $this->contextManager->saveContext($userId, $message, $response, $intent);
        
        return [
            'response' => $response,
            'intent' => $intent,
            'suggested_actions' => $this->getSuggestedActions($intent, $context)
        ];
    }

    private function detectIntent($message, $context) {
        $response = $this->aiService->openAIClient->chat()->create([
            'model' => 'gpt-4',
            'messages' => [
                [
                    'role' => 'system',
                    'content' => "You are a project management assistant. Classify the user's intent into one of these categories: 
                    - task_create: User wants to create a task
                    - task_update: User wants to update a task
                    - task_query: User wants information about tasks
                    - project_info: User wants project information
                    - report_request: User wants a report
                    - help: User needs help
                    - small_talk: Casual conversation
                    
                    Respond with only the intent category."
                ],
                [
                    'role' => 'user',
                    'content' => $message
                ]
            ],
            'temperature' => 0.1,
            'max_tokens' => 10
        ]);

        return trim($response->choices[0]->message->content);
    }

    private function executeAction($intent, $message, $context) {
        switch ($intent) {
            case 'task_create':
                return $this->actionExecutor->createTaskFromMessage($message, $context);
                
            case 'task_query':
                return $this->actionExecutor->queryTasks($message, $context);
                
            case 'project_info':
                return $this->actionExecutor->getProjectInfo($message, $context);
                
            case 'report_request':
                return $this->actionExecutor->generateReport($message, $context);
                
            case 'help':
                return $this->getHelpResponse();
                
            case 'small_talk':
                return $this->generateSmallTalkResponse($message);
                
            default:
                return "I'm not sure how to help with that. Could you rephrase?";
        }
    }

    private function getSuggestedActions($intent, $context) {
        $suggestions = [
            'task_create' => ['Create another task', 'View my tasks'],
            'task_query' => ['Show overdue tasks', 'Show tasks due today'],
            'project_info' => ['Project progress', 'Team workload'],
            'report_request' => ['Weekly report', 'Project status report']
        ];

        return $suggestions[$intent] ?? ['Get help', 'View projects'];
    }
}

// ai/ActionExecutor.php
class ActionExecutor {
    private $taskRepository;
    private $projectRepository;

    public function __construct() {
        $this->taskRepository = new TaskRepository();
        $this->projectRepository = new ProjectRepository();
    }

    public function createTaskFromMessage($message, $context) {
        // Extract task details using AI
        $extractedData = $this->extractTaskData($message);
        
        if (empty($extractedData['title'])) {
            return "I need more information to create a task. What should the task be about?";
        }

        // Create task
        $task = $this->taskRepository->create([
            'title' => $extractedData['title'],
            'description' => $extractedData['description'] ?? '',
            'due_date' => $extractedData['due_date'] ?? null,
            'project_id' => $extractedData['project_id'] ?? $context['current_project_id'],
            'assigned_to' => $extractedData['assigned_to'] ?? $context['user_id']
        ]);

        return "I've created the task '{$task->title}'" . 
               ($task->due_date ? " due on {$task->due_date}" : "") . 
               ". Would you like to add more details?";
    }

    public function queryTasks($message, $context) {
        $filters = $this->extractTaskFilters($message);
        $tasks = $this->taskRepository->getWithFilters($filters);
        
        if (empty($tasks)) {
            return "I couldn't find any tasks matching your criteria.";
        }

        $response = "I found " . count($tasks) . " tasks:\n\n";
        
        foreach (array_slice($tasks, 0, 5) as $task) {
            $response .= "• {$task->title}";
            if ($task->due_date) {
                $response .= " (Due: {$task->due_date})";
            }
            $response .= "\n";
        }

        if (count($tasks) > 5) {
            $response .= "\nAnd " . (count($tasks) - 5) . " more tasks...";
        }

        return $response;
    }

    private function extractTaskData($message) {
        // Use AI to extract structured data from natural language
        $response = $this->aiService->openAIClient->chat()->create([
            'model' => 'gpt-4',
            'messages' => [
                [
                    'role' => 'system',
                    'content' => 'Extract task information from the message. Respond with JSON: {"title": "", "description": "", "due_date": "", "priority": ""}'
                ],
                [
                    'role' => 'user',
                    'content' => $message
                ]
            ],
            'response_format' => ['type' => 'json_object']
        ]);

        return json_decode($response->choices[0]->message->content, true);
    }
}

Part 2: Real-time Systems with WebSockets

2.1 Advanced WebSocket Server

php
<?php
// realtime/WebSocketServer.php
class WebSocketServer {
    private $server;
    private $clients;
    private $rooms;
    private $subscriptions;

    public function __construct($host = '0.0.0.0', $port = 8080) {
        $this->server = new Swoole\WebSocket\Server($host, $port);
        $this->clients = new SplObjectStorage();
        $this->rooms = [];
        $this->subscriptions = [];
        
        $this->setupEventHandlers();
    }

    public function start() {
        $this->server->start();
    }

    private function setupEventHandlers() {
        $this->server->on('start', function ($server) {
            echo "WebSocket server started at ws://{$server->host}:{$server->port}\n";
        });

        $this->server->on('open', function ($server, $request) {
            $this->handleConnection($request);
        });

        $this->server->on('message', function ($server, $frame) {
            $this->handleMessage($frame);
        });

        $this->server->on('close', function ($server, $fd) {
            $this->handleDisconnection($fd);
        });
    }

    private function handleConnection($request) {
        $clientId = $request->fd;
        $user = $this->authenticateConnection($request);
        
        if (!$user) {
            $this->server->push($clientId, json_encode([
                'type' => 'error',
                'message' => 'Authentication failed'
            ]));
            $this->server->close($clientId);
            return;
        }

        $client = [
            'id' => $clientId,
            'user' => $user,
            'connected_at' => time(),
            'last_activity' => time()
        ];

        $this->clients->attach((object)$client);
        
        // Join user to their personal room
        $this->joinRoom($clientId, "user_{$user['id']}");
        
        // Join user to project rooms they have access to
        $this->joinUserProjectRooms($clientId, $user['id']);

        $this->broadcastToRoom("user_{$user['id']}", [
            'type' => 'connection_established',
            'client_id' => $clientId,
            'user' => $user
        ]);

        echo "Client {$clientId} connected (User: {$user['email']})\n";
    }

    private function handleMessage($frame) {
        $client = $this->getClient($frame->fd);
        
        if (!$client) {
            return;
        }

        // Update last activity
        $client->last_activity = time();

        try {
            $message = json_decode($frame->data, true);
            
            if (!isset($message['type'])) {
                throw new InvalidArgumentException('Message type is required');
            }

            switch ($message['type']) {
                case 'subscribe':
                    $this->handleSubscribe($client, $message);
                    break;
                    
                case 'unsubscribe':
                    $this->handleUnsubscribe($client, $message);
                    break;
                    
                case 'chat_message':
                    $this->handleChatMessage($client, $message);
                    break;
                    
                case 'typing_start':
                case 'typing_stop':
                    $this->handleTypingIndicator($client, $message);
                    break;
                    
                case 'ping':
                    $this->sendToClient($client->id, ['type' => 'pong']);
                    break;
                    
                default:
                    $this->sendToClient($client->id, [
                        'type' => 'error',
                        'message' => 'Unknown message type'
                    ]);
            }

        } catch (Exception $e) {
            $this->sendToClient($client->id, [
                'type' => 'error',
                'message' => $e->getMessage()
            ]);
        }
    }

    private function handleSubscribe($client, $message) {
        if (!isset($message['channel'])) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Channel is required for subscription');
        }

        $channel = $message['channel'];
        $this->subscribeToChannel($client->id, $channel);
        
        $this->sendToClient($client->id, [
            'type' => 'subscribed',
            'channel' => $channel
        ]);
    }

    private function handleChatMessage($client, $message) {
        if (!isset($message['room']) || !isset($message['content'])) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Room and content are required for chat messages');
        }

        // Validate user has access to room
        if (!$this->canAccessRoom($client->user['id'], $message['room'])) {
            throw new RuntimeException('Access denied to room');
        }

        // Store message in database
        $chatMessage = $this->storeChatMessage(
            $client->user['id'],
            $message['room'],
            $message['content']
        );

        // Broadcast to room
        $this->broadcastToRoom($message['room'], [
            'type' => 'chat_message',
            'message' => $chatMessage,
            'user' => $client->user
        ]);

        // Notify AI service for analysis (if enabled)
        if (env('AI_CHAT_ANALYSIS_ENABLED')) {
            $this->analyzeChatMessage($chatMessage);
        }
    }

    private function handleTypingIndicator($client, $message) {
        if (!isset($message['room'])) {
            return;
        }

        $this->broadcastToRoom($message['room'], [
            'type' => $message['type'],
            'user' => [
                'id' => $client->user['id'],
                'name' => $client->user['name']
            ],
            'room' => $message['room']
        ], $client->id); // Don't send to the user who is typing
    }

    public function broadcastToRoom($room, $data, $excludeClientId = null) {
        if (!isset($this->rooms[$room])) {
            return;
        }

        $message = json_encode($data);

        foreach ($this->rooms[$room] as $clientId) {
            if ($clientId !== $excludeClientId && $this->server->exist($clientId)) {
                $this->server->push($clientId, $message);
            }
        }
    }

    public function sendToUser($userId, $data) {
        $this->broadcastToRoom("user_{$userId}", $data);
    }

    private function joinRoom($clientId, $room) {
        if (!isset($this->rooms[$room])) {
            $this->rooms[$room] = [];
        }
        
        $this->rooms[$room][] = $clientId;
        $this->rooms[$room] = array_unique($this->rooms[$room]);
    }

    private function subscribeToChannel($clientId, $channel) {
        if (!isset($this->subscriptions[$channel])) {
            $this->subscriptions[$channel] = [];
        }
        
        $this->subscriptions[$channel][] = $clientId;
        $this->subscriptions[$channel] = array_unique($this->subscriptions[$channel]);
    }
}

2.2 Real-time Collaboration Features

php
<?php
// realtime/CollaborationService.php
class CollaborationService {
    private $webSocketServer;
    private $documentManager;
    private $presenceTracker;

    public function __construct(WebSocketServer $webSocketServer) {
        $this->webSocketServer = $webSocketServer;
        $this->documentManager = new DocumentManager();
        $this->presenceTracker = new PresenceTracker();
    }

    // Real-time document editing
    public function handleDocumentOperation($clientId, $operation) {
        $document = $this->documentManager->getDocument($operation['document_id']);
        
        if (!$this->canEditDocument($clientId, $document)) {
            throw new RuntimeException('No permission to edit document');
        }

        // Apply operation to document
        $updatedDocument = $this->documentManager->applyOperation(
            $operation['document_id'],
            $operation
        );

        // Broadcast to other collaborators
        $this->broadcastToCollaborators($operation['document_id'], [
            'type' => 'document_operation',
            'operation' => $operation,
            'document' => $updatedDocument,
            'client_id' => $clientId
        ], $clientId);

        return $updatedDocument;
    }

    // Real-time cursor positions
    public function updateCursorPosition($clientId, $data) {
        $this->presenceTracker->updateCursorPosition(
            $clientId,
            $data['document_id'],
            $data['position']
        );

        $this->broadcastToCollaborators($data['document_id'], [
            'type' => 'cursor_update',
            'user_id' => $this->getClientUserId($clientId),
            'position' => $data['position'],
            'document_id' => $data['document_id']
        ], $clientId);
    }

    // Real-time selection updates
    public function updateSelection($clientId, $data) {
        $this->presenceTracker->updateSelection(
            $clientId,
            $data['document_id'],
            $data['selection']
        );

        $this->broadcastToCollaborators($data['document_id'], [
            'type' => 'selection_update',
            'user_id' => $this->getClientUserId($clientId),
            'selection' => $data['selection'],
            'document_id' => $data['document_id']
        ], $clientId);
    }

    // Get active collaborators
    public function getActiveCollaborators($documentId) {
        return $this->presenceTracker->getActiveUsers($documentId);
    }

    // Handle user joining document
    public function userJoinedDocument($clientId, $documentId) {
        $user = $this->getClientUser($clientId);
        
        $this->presenceTracker->userJoined($clientId, $documentId, $user);
        
        // Notify other users
        $this->broadcastToCollaborators($documentId, [
            'type' => 'user_joined',
            'user' => $user,
            'document_id' => $documentId
        ], $clientId);

        // Send current document state to joining user
        $document = $this->documentManager->getDocument($documentId);
        $collaborators = $this->getActiveCollaborators($documentId);

        $this->webSocketServer->sendToClient($clientId, [
            'type' => 'document_state',
            'document' => $document,
            'collaborators' => $collaborators
        ]);
    }

    // Handle user leaving document
    public function userLeftDocument($clientId, $documentId) {
        $user = $this->getClientUser($clientId);
        
        $this->presenceTracker->userLeft($clientId, $documentId);
        
        $this->broadcastToCollaborators($documentId, [
            'type' => 'user_left',
            'user' => $user,
            'document_id' => $documentId
        ]);
    }

    private function broadcastToCollaborators($documentId, $data, $excludeClientId = null) {
        $room = "document_{$documentId}";
        $this->webSocketServer->broadcastToRoom($room, $data, $excludeClientId);
    }

    private function canEditDocument($clientId, $document) {
        $user = $this->getClientUser($clientId);
        return in_array($user['id'], $document['collaborators']);
    }
}

// realtime/PresenceTracker.php
class PresenceTracker {
    private $redis;

    public function __construct() {
        $this->redis = new Redis();
    }

    public function userJoined($clientId, $documentId, $user) {
        $key = "presence:document:{$documentId}";
        
        $this->redis->hset($key, $clientId, json_encode([
            'user_id' => $user['id'],
            'user_name' => $user['name'],
            'joined_at' => time(),
            'last_seen' => time()
        ]));
        
        $this->redis->expire($key, 3600); // Expire after 1 hour of inactivity
    }

    public function userLeft($clientId, $documentId) {
        $key = "presence:document:{$documentId}";
        $this->redis->hdel($key, $clientId);
    }

    public function updateCursorPosition($clientId, $documentId, $position) {
        $key = "presence:document:{$documentId}";
        
        if ($this->redis->hexists($key, $clientId)) {
            $data = json_decode($this->redis->hget($key, $clientId), true);
            $data['cursor_position'] = $position;
            $data['last_seen'] = time();
            
            $this->redis->hset($key, $clientId, json_encode($data));
        }
    }

    public function getActiveUsers($documentId) {
        $key = "presence:document:{$documentId}";
        $users = $this->redis->hgetall($key);
        
        $activeUsers = [];
        $now = time();
        
        foreach ($users as $clientId => $userData) {
            $data = json_decode($userData, true);
            
            // Remove inactive users (more than 30 seconds)
            if ($now - $data['last_seen'] > 30) {
                $this->redis->hdel($key, $clientId);
                continue;
            }
            
            $activeUsers[] = $data;
        }
        
        return $activeUsers;
    }
}

Part 3: Blockchain & Web3 Integration

3.1 Smart Contract Integration & NFT Features

php
<?php
// blockchain/Web3Service.php
class Web3Service {
    private $web3;
    private $contracts;
    private $walletManager;

    public function __construct() {
        $this->web3 = new Web3(env('WEB3_PROVIDER_URL'));
        $this->walletManager = new WalletManager();
        $this->loadContracts();
    }

    public function createProjectNFT($projectId, $metadata) {
        $project = Project::find($projectId);
        
        if (!$project) {
            throw new Exception('Project not found');
        }

        // Prepare NFT metadata
        $nftMetadata = [
            'name' => $project->name,
            'description' => $project->description,
            'image' => $this->generateProjectImage($project),
            'attributes' => [
                [
                    'trait_type' => 'Project ID',
                    'value' => $project->id
                ],
                [
                    'trait_type' => 'Status',
                    'value' => $project->status
                ],
                [
                    'trait_type' => 'Created Date',
                    'value' => $project->created_at->toISOString()
                ]
            ]
        ];

        // Upload metadata to IPFS
        $metadataUri = $this->uploadToIPFS($nftMetadata);

        // Mint NFT
        $transaction = $this->mintNFT(
            $project->owner->wallet_address,
            $metadataUri
        );

        // Store NFT details
        $nft = NFT::create([
            'project_id' => $project->id,
            'token_id' => $transaction->tokenId,
            'contract_address' => env('NFT_CONTRACT_ADDRESS'),
            'metadata_uri' => $metadataUri,
            'transaction_hash' => $transaction->hash,
            'owner_address' => $project->owner->wallet_address
        ]);

        return $nft;
    }

    public function createAchievementToken($userId, $achievementType) {
        $user = User::find($userId);
        $achievement = $this->getAchievementConfig($achievementType);

        $metadata = [
            'name' => $achievement['name'],
            'description' => $achievement['description'],
            'image' => $achievement['image'],
            'attributes' => [
                [
                    'trait_type' => 'Type',
                    'value' => $achievementType
                ],
                [
                    'trait_type' => 'Rarity',
                    'value' => $achievement['rarity']
                ]
            ]
        ];

        $metadataUri = $this->uploadToIPFS($metadata);

        $transaction = $this->mintAchievementToken(
            $user->wallet_address,
            $metadataUri
        );

        return [
            'token_id' => $transaction->tokenId,
            'transaction_hash' => $transaction->hash,
            'metadata_uri' => $metadataUri
        ];
    }

    public function verifyOwnership($walletAddress, $tokenId) {
        $contract = $this->contracts['nft'];
        
        try {
            $owner = $contract->methods->ownerOf($tokenId)->call();
            return strtolower($owner) === strtolower($walletAddress);
        } catch (Exception $e) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    public function getWalletNFTs($walletAddress) {
        $contract = $this->contracts['nft'];
        
        // Get balance
        $balance = $contract->methods->balanceOf($walletAddress)->call();
        
        $nfts = [];
        
        for ($i = 0; $i < $balance; $i++) {
            $tokenId = $contract->methods->tokenOfOwnerByIndex($walletAddress, $i)->call();
            $tokenUri = $contract->methods->tokenURI($tokenId)->call();
            
            $nfts[] = [
                'token_id' => $tokenId,
                'token_uri' => $tokenUri,
                'metadata' => $this->fetchMetadata($tokenUri)
            ];
        }
        
        return $nfts;
    }

    private function mintNFT($toAddress, $metadataUri) {
        $contract = $this->contracts['nft'];
        $privateKey = env('NFT_MINTER_PRIVATE_KEY');
        
        $nonce = $this->web3->eth->getTransactionCount(
            env('NFT_MINTER_ADDRESS'),
            'pending'
        );

        $transaction = $contract->methods->mint($toAddress, $metadataUri);
        
        $data = $transaction->encodeABI();
        
        $signedTransaction = $this->signTransaction([
            'nonce' => $nonce,
            'from' => env('NFT_MINTER_ADDRESS'),
            'to' => env('NFT_CONTRACT_ADDRESS'),
            'value' => '0x0',
            'gas' => '0x' . dechex(200000),
            'gasPrice' => $this->web3->eth->gasPrice(),
            'data' => $data
        ], $privateKey);

        $transactionHash = $this->web3->eth->sendRawTransaction($signedTransaction);
        
        // Wait for transaction receipt
        return $this->waitForTransaction($transactionHash);
    }

    private function uploadToIPFS($data) {
        $client = new Client();
        
        $response = $client->post('https://api.pinata.cloud/pinning/pinJSONToIPFS', [
            'headers' => [
                'pinata_api_key' => env('PINATA_API_KEY'),
                'pinata_secret_api_key' => env('PINATA_SECRET_API_KEY'),
            ],
            'json' => [
                'pinataContent' => $data,
                'pinataMetadata' => [
                    'name' => 'project-nft-metadata.json'
                ]
            ]
        ]);

        $result = json_decode($response->getBody(), true);
        return "ipfs://" . $result['IpfsHash'];
    }

    private function loadContracts() {
        $this->contracts['nft'] = new Contract($this->web3->provider, $this->getNFTABI());
        $this->contracts['nft']->at(env('NFT_CONTRACT_ADDRESS'));
    }

    private function getNFTABI() {
        return json_decode(file_get_contents(storage_path('abis/NFTContract.json')), true);
    }
}

Part 4: Advanced Search with Elasticsearch

4.1 Advanced Search Service

php
<?php
// search/AdvancedSearchService.php
class AdvancedSearchService {
    private $elasticsearch;
    private $indexManager;

    public function __construct() {
        $this->elasticsearch = Elasticsearch\ClientBuilder::create()
            ->setHosts([env('ELASTICSEARCH_HOST')])
            ->build();
            
        $this->indexManager = new IndexManager($this->elasticsearch);
    }

    public function searchProjects($query, $filters = [], $page = 1, $perPage = 20) {
        $searchParams = [
            'index' => 'projects',
            'body' => [
                'from' => ($page - 1) * $perPage,
                'size' => $perPage,
                'query' => $this->buildProjectQuery($query, $filters),
                'sort' => $this->buildSort($filters),
                'aggs' => $this->buildAggregations()
            ]
        ];

        $response = $this->elasticsearch->search($searchParams);
        
        return [
            'results' => $this->formatProjectResults($response),
            'total' => $response['hits']['total']['value'],
            'aggregations' => $response['aggregations'] ?? [],
            'page' => $page,
            'per_page' => $perPage
        ];
    }

    public function semanticSearch($query, $context = []) {
        // Use vector search for semantic similarity
        $vector = $this->generateQueryVector($query);
        
        $searchParams = [
            'index' => 'projects',
            'body' => [
                'query' => [
                    'script_score' => [
                        'query' => ['match_all' => {}],
                        'script' => [
                            'source' => "cosineSimilarity(params.query_vector, 'embedding') + 1.0",
                            'params' => ['query_vector' => $vector]
                        ]
                    ]
                ],
                'size' => 10
            ]
        ];

        $response = $this->elasticsearch->search($searchParams);
        return $this->formatProjectResults($response);
    }

    public function advancedFacetedSearch($searchRequest) {
        $boolQuery = ['bool' => ['must' => []]];

        // Text search across multiple fields
        if (!empty($searchRequest['q'])) {
            $boolQuery['bool']['must'][] = [
                'multi_match' => [
                    'query' => $searchRequest['q'],
                    'fields' => [
                        'title^3',
                        'description^2',
                        'tags^2',
                        'content'
                    ],
                    'fuzziness' => 'AUTO'
                ]
            ];
        }

        // Date range filters
        if (!empty($searchRequest['date_range'])) {
            $boolQuery['bool']['filter'][] = [
                'range' => [
                    'created_at' => [
                        'gte' => $searchRequest['date_range']['start'],
                        'lte' => $searchRequest['date_range']['end']
                    ]
                ]
            ];
        }

        // Geo search (if location data available)
        if (!empty($searchRequest['location'])) {
            $boolQuery['bool']['filter'][] = [
                'geo_distance' => [
                    'distance' => $searchRequest['location']['radius'] . 'km',
                    'location' => [
                        'lat' => $searchRequest['location']['lat'],
                        'lon' => $searchRequest['location']['lon']
                    ]
                ]
            ];
        }

        // Custom scoring based on business rules
        $functionScore = [
            'query' => $boolQuery,
            'functions' => [
                [
                    'filter' => ['term' => ['status' => 'active']],
                    'weight' => 2
                ],
                [
                    'filter' => ['range' => ['completion_rate' => ['gte' => 0.8]]],
                    'weight' => 1.5
                ],
                [
                    'field_value_factor' => [
                        'field' => 'priority',
                        'factor' => 1.2,
                        'modifier' => 'sqrt'
                    ]
                ]
            ],
            'score_mode' => 'multiply'
        ];

        $searchParams = [
            'index' => 'projects',
            'body' => [
                'query' => ['function_score' => $functionScore],
                'aggs' => $this->buildAdvancedAggregations(),
                'highlight' => [
                    'fields' => [
                        'title' => new \stdClass(),
                        'description' => new \stdClass(),
                        'content' => new \stdClass()
                    ]
                ]
            ]
        ];

        $response = $this->elasticsearch->search($searchParams);
        return $this->formatAdvancedResults($response);
    }

    private function buildProjectQuery($query, $filters) {
        $boolQuery = ['bool' => []];

        if (!empty($query)) {
            $boolQuery['bool']['must'] = [
                'multi_match' => [
                    'query' => $query,
                    'fields' => ['title^3', 'description^2', 'tags'],
                    'type' => 'best_fields',
                    'fuzziness' => 'AUTO'
                ]
            ];
        }

        // Add filters
        if (!empty($filters['status'])) {
            $boolQuery['bool']['filter'][] = ['term' => ['status' => $filters['status']]];
        }

        if (!empty($filters['tags'])) {
            $boolQuery['bool']['filter'][] = ['terms' => ['tags' => $filters['tags']]];
        }

        if (!empty($filters['date_range'])) {
            $boolQuery['bool']['filter'][] = [
                'range' => [
                    'created_at' => [
                        'gte' => $filters['date_range']['start'],
                        'lte' => $filters['date_range']['end']
                    ]
                ]
            ];
        }

        return $boolQuery;
    }

    private function generateQueryVector($query) {
        // Use OpenAI embeddings to generate query vector
        $response = (new AIService())->openAIClient->embeddings()->create([
            'model' => 'text-embedding-ada-002',
            'input' => $query
        ]);

        return $response->data[0]->embedding;
    }

    public function reindexAllProjects() {
        $this->indexManager->recreateIndex('projects');
        
        $projects = Project::with(['tasks', 'users', 'tags'])->chunk(100, function($projects) {
            $bulkData = [];
            
            foreach ($projects as $project) {
                $bulkData[] = ['index' => ['_index' => 'projects', '_id' => $project->id]];
                $bulkData[] = $this->formatProjectForIndex($project);
            }
            
            $this->elasticsearch->bulk(['body' => $bulkData]);
        });
    }

    private function formatProjectForIndex($project) {
        return [
            'title' => $project->title,
            'description' => $project->description,
            'status' => $project->status,
            'tags' => $project->tags->pluck('name')->toArray(),
            'created_at' => $project->created_at->toISOString(),
            'updated_at' => $project->updated_at->toISOString(),
            'completion_rate' => $project->completion_rate,
            'priority' => $project->priority_level,
            'embedding' => $project->embedding, // Pre-computed vector
            'suggest' => [
                'input' => array_merge(
                    [$project->title],
                    $project->tags->pluck('name')->toArray(),
                    explode(' ', $project->description)
                )
            ]
        ];
    }
}

Part 5: Advanced DevOps & SRE Practices

5.1 Kubernetes Deployment & Service Mesh

yaml
# kubernetes/deployment.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: saas-app
  namespace: production
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: saas-app
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: saas-app
        version: v1.2.0
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: app
        image: ghcr.io/your-org/saas-app:latest
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
        env:
        - name: APP_ENV
          value: production
        - name: APP_DEBUG
          value: "false"
        resources:
          requests:
            memory: "256Mi"
            cpu: "250m"
          limits:
            memory: "512Mi"
            cpu: "500m"
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /health
            port: 80
          initialDelaySeconds: 30
          periodSeconds: 10
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /health/ready
            port: 80
          initialDelaySeconds: 5
          periodSeconds: 5
        volumeMounts:
        - name: storage
          mountPath: /var/www/storage
      - name: queue-worker
        image: ghcr.io/your-org/saas-app:latest
        command: ["php", "artisan", "queue:work", "--sleep=3", "--tries=3"]
        resources:
          requests:
            memory: "128Mi"
            cpu: "100m"
          limits:
            memory: "256Mi"
            cpu: "200m"
        volumeMounts:
        - name: storage
          mountPath: /var/www/storage
      volumes:
      - name: storage
        persistentVolumeClaim:
          claimName: app-storage
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: saas-app-service
  namespace: production
spec:
  selector:
    app: saas-app
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: 80
  type: ClusterIP
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
  name: saas-app-vs
  namespace: production
spec:
  hosts:
  - saas-app-service.production.svc.cluster.local
  http:
  - route:
    - destination:
        host: saas-app-service.production.svc.cluster.local
        subset: v1
    retries:
      attempts: 3
      perTryTimeout: 2s
    timeout: 10s
    fault:
      abort:
        percentage:
          value: 0.1
        httpStatus: 500

5.2 Advanced Monitoring & SRE Dashboard

php
<?php
// monitoring/SREDashboard.php
class SREDashboard {
    private $prometheus;
    private $alertManager;
    private $sloCalculator;

    public function __construct() {
        $this->prometheus = new Prometheus();
        $this->alertManager = new AlertManager();
        $this->sloCalculator = new SLOCalculator();
    }

    public function getServiceLevelIndicators() {
        return [
            'availability' => $this->calculateAvailability(),
            'latency' => $this->calculateLatencySLO(),
            'error_rate' => $this->calculateErrorRate(),
            'throughput' => $this->calculateThroughput()
        ];
    }

    public function getErrorBudget($sloTarget = 0.999) {
        $currentSLO = $this->calculateAvailability();
        $errorBudget = 1 - $sloTarget;
        $remainingBudget = $currentSLO - $sloTarget;
        
        return [
            'slo_target' => $sloTarget,
            'current_slo' => $currentSLO,
            'error_budget_remaining' => max(0, $remainingBudget / $errorBudget),
            'burn_rate' => $this->calculateBurnRate()
        ];
    }

    public function getPerformanceMetrics() {
        return [
            'p50_latency' => $this->getQuantileLatency(0.5),
            'p95_latency' => $this->getQuantileLatency(0.95),
            'p99_latency' => $this->getQuantileLatency(0.99),
            'requests_per_second' => $this->getRequestsPerSecond(),
            'concurrent_connections' => $this->getConcurrentConnections(),
            'memory_usage' => $this->getMemoryUsage(),
            'cpu_usage' => $this->getCPUUsage()
        ];
    }

    public function getBusinessMetrics() {
        return [
            'active_users' => $this->getActiveUsers(),
            'new_signups' => $this->getNewSignups(),
            'projects_created' => $this->getProjectsCreated(),
            'tasks_completed' => $this->getTasksCompleted(),
            'api_usage' => $this->getAPIUsage()
        ];
    }

    public function generateSREReport($timeRange = '7d') {
        return [
            'time_range' => $timeRange,
            'service_levels' => $this->getServiceLevelIndicators(),
            'performance' => $this->getPerformanceMetrics(),
            'business_metrics' => $this->getBusinessMetrics(),
            'incidents' => $this->getIncidents($timeRange),
            'recommendations' => $this->generateRecommendations()
        ];
    }

    private function calculateAvailability() {
        $totalRequests = $this->prometheus->query('http_requests_total');
        $successfulRequests = $this->prometheus->query('http_requests_total{status=~"2..|3.."}');
        
        if ($totalRequests > 0) {
            return $successfulRequests / $totalRequests;
        }
        
        return 1.0;
    }

    private function calculateBurnRate() {
        // Calculate how quickly error budget is being consumed
        $errorRate = 1 - $this->calculateAvailability();
        $timeWindow = 3600; // 1 hour
        
        return $errorRate * $timeWindow / 3600;
    }

    private function generateRecommendations() {
        $recommendations = [];
        
        $availability = $this->calculateAvailability();
        if ($availability < 0.999) {
            $recommendations[] = [
                'type' => 'critical',
                'message' => 'Availability below SLO target. Consider scaling or optimizing critical endpoints.',
                'action' => 'Review error rates and latency for high-traffic endpoints'
            ];
        }

        $p95Latency = $this->getQuantileLatency(0.95);
        if ($p95Latency > 2.0) {
            $recommendations[] = [
                'type' => 'warning',
                'message' => 'P95 latency above 2 seconds. Users may experience slow performance.',
                'action' => 'Optimize database queries and consider caching strategies'
            ];
        }

        $memoryUsage = $this->getMemoryUsage();
        if ($memoryUsage > 0.8) {
            $recommendations[] = [
                'type' => 'warning',
                'message' => 'High memory usage detected. Risk of out-of-memory errors.',
                'action' => 'Increase memory limits or optimize memory usage'
            ];
        }

        return $recommendations;
    }
}

Key Cutting-Edge Features Covered:

  1. AI Integration: GPT-4, embeddings, ML-powered features

  2. Real-time Systems: WebSockets, collaboration, live updates

  3. Blockchain & Web3: NFT integration, smart contracts

  4. Advanced Search: Elasticsearch, semantic search, vector databases

  5. SRE Practices: SLO monitoring, error budgets, reliability engineering

  6. Cloud Native: Kubernetes, service mesh, cloud deployment

Enterprise-Grade Innovation:

  1. AI-Powered UX: Smart assistants, automated content generation

  2. Real-time Collaboration: Live editing, presence indicators

  3. Web3 Features: Digital ownership, achievement tokens

  4. Advanced Search: Semantic understanding, faceted navigation

  5. Production Excellence: SRE practices, advanced monitoring

  6. Scalability: Microservices, cloud-native architecture

This lesson represents the absolute frontier of PHP development, integrating cutting-edge technologies and practices that power modern, innovative applications at scale!

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MA Hussain Amjad Hussain: Architect of Truth in the Realm of Fact In the intricate tapestry of human experience, where shadow often meets light, Amjad Hussain stands as a dedicated chronicler of reality. His is a world built on the unshakeable foundations of fact, a pursuit he undertakes with the dual tools of a journalist's discerning eye and a writer's compelling narrative skill.